News from the
January 2012
Crime rates halved among second-generation immigrants
Crime rates among non-Western secondgeneration immigrants to Denmark have been more than halved in only 15 years. This is one of the findings of a new analysis from the Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, which reveals that ethnic minorities in Denmark today display significantly less criminality than was the case in the 1990s and that in terms of crime, they are coming to resemble ethnic Danes ever more closely. This trend is very clear among nonWestern second-generation immigrants. In 1990, 11% of male non-Western second-generation immigrants aged 15-45 committed at least one criminal offence of which they were convicted. In 2006 the proportion was under half of that; 5% committed at least one offence during the year which led to a conviction. The same trend, though from a lower starting point, was evident among first-generation nonWestern male immigrants; in 1990 6% of them were convicted of committing at least one criminal offence, while the proportion in 2006 had fallen to 3%. According to Torben Tranæs, Research Director at the Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, there are several explanations for this marked fall in criminality. "One point is that there has been a general fall in crime levels in Denmark over the past couple of decades. Another is that the population of non-Western second-generation immigrants has aged. In all population groups, it is typically the young who commit the most crimes." In the calculation of the proportions of convicted criminals among the population groups, illustrated in Figure 1, no account is taken of the age composition of the groups or of social background. "But even when corrections are made for age and social background, the results show that the ethnic minorities are coming to resemble Danes to an ever-increasing degree. As far as second-generation immigrants are concerned, a larger proportion of them still tend to commit crimes than is
Figure 1
Proportions of convicted criminals in the period 1990-2006, males aged 15-45.
14 Percent 12 10 8 6 Non-Western rst-generation immigrants 4 2 Danes 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Non-Western second-generation immigrants
The proportions of male, non-Western first- and second-generation immigrants convicted of at least one criminal offence committed in the years shown have grown closer over time to the proportions among male Danes. Nevertheless, the levels among these immigrants, and especially among the second-generation immigrants, remain significantly above that for Danes.
the case for Danes; but while fifteen years ago, there were 76% higher proportion of criminals among the second-generation immigrants than among ethnic Danes, the difference has now fallen to only 31%" explains Torben Tranæs. The differences have grown smaller, but the fact remains that the ethnic minorities in Denmark still have a greater proportion of criminals among them, however much background factors are taken into account. The analysis shows, furthermore that it is violent crime that is more widespread among second-generation immigrants from non-Western countries than among Danes; the proportion of these second-generation immigrants convicted of violent crimes is 55% higher than for the corresponding group of Danes. In contrast, the proportions of the two groups who commit property crimes are identical.
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